Welcome back, EUBO!

By Emilia Campagna - November 25, 2022
After four years of stop, EUBO starts its activity again thanks to the philanthropic and financial support of ICONS. Let's find more in this interview with Mario Martinoli, President of ICONS and Founder and Artistic Director of Theresia Orchestra

After four years of inactivity, EUBO is back!

The European Union Baroque Orchestra was founded in 1985 by Paul James and Emma Wilkinson as a major initiative of European Music Year to celebrate the 300th anniversaries of three great baroque musicians: Johann Sebastian Bach, Domenico Scarlatti and George Friedrich Handel. Since then, it had been the leading training initiative in the field of Historically Informed Performance. The success of the project, under the direction of the world’s leading baroque musicians, could be measured in the number of ex-EUBO members who would play in Europe’s leading baroque orchestras. Then, in 2018, all activities stopped. Now, EUBO starts to play again and moves its headquarters to Italy thanks to the philanthropic and entrepreneurial support of ICONS. We talked with Mario Martinoli, President of ICONS and Founder and Artistic Director of Theresia Orchestra, to know more about this heartwarming story.

Mario Martinoli, after 10 years of the life of Theresia Orchestra, it seems like you started a new adventure, going to the rescue of EUBO: why did you decide to go for this venture?

The reasons are more than one: on one hand, there was the opportunity (EUBO has been inactive for the past four years, and it seemed like no activity was to come), on the other, we wanted to extend the cultural patronage model that gave birth to Theresia Orchestra. Furthermore, many of our musicians demanded to expand the orchestral repertoire to include Baroque music: but Theresia is focused on classical repertoire, and we never intended to change its artistic mission. We realized that EUBO could be the answer to many questions, and we decided to try and restart it.

How come that EUBO stopped its activity?

It was a matter of unfortunate coincidences: first, Brexit compelled Paul James and Emma Wilkinson, founders and managers of EUBO, to move the administrative headquarters (but also the musical archive and the instruments) to a country of the European Community. They moved to Antwerp, Belgium. That was probably a big deal, together with a different system of funding adopted in that years by the European Commission. Then, Covid happened! And it was probably too much.

So what happened? How did you contact EUBO?

The activities were entirely suspended, but the trademark is alive and well, tied to its creator, Paul James, whom I contacted, offering to finance and manage the orchestra. He answered enthusiastically, and we started to work together toward a new beginning.

What will the role of ICONS be, and will there be continuity with the previous management?

ICONS will ensure everything related to organization, financial support and ethics. EUBO becomes part of the European HIP Orchestral System run by ICONS, and in a sense, it is now Theresia Orchestra’s sister. The artistic direction is in my charge, and Paul James assists me as an advisor.

What are the differences and similarities between EUBO and Theresia?

It must be said that we were inspired by EUBO’s training model when we started Theresia, especially with regard to the residencies. That said, apart from the different repertoire, there are some differences: for example, EUBO changes its members every year, whilst Theresia, even organizing annual auditions, gives longer grants, so that the renewal of the organic is more gradual. We have differences also in the auditions: in Theresia, we introduced a first-step selection based on a video, for example. I think we’ll think of all the best practices from each project to improve the management of both orchestras.

“If Theresia is a Ferrari, EUBO is a vintage luxury car: it has a glorious past, but has been still for a while. We want to get the engine back to its perfection and put it back on the road!”

EUBO is going to perform under the baton of Alfredo Bernardini in Ravenna: why did you choose this town for this new beginning?

It sort of happened by chance. In June, I called Romano Valentini, artistic director of the “Angelo Mariani Society” that organizes the main concert season in Ravenna, telling him my news about EUBO and us. He was immediately interested and offered to host the orchestra. He managed to involve the city at many levels, including the local administration and important members of the cultural and economic system of this community. I was impressed, that was partly unexpected, and I have reasons to believe that the relationship between EUBO and Ravenna will go further: just for starters, we are going to be in Ravenna for the auditions which will be planned in May 2023.

Speaking of auditions, how did you find the musicians for this kick-off concert?

We didn’t have the time to set up auditions, so we invited members of the last editions of EUBO concerts.

What about the musical program of the concert?

It is a sort of European celebration through baroque music: we are starting with Concerto Grosso op.6 n.4 by Arcangelo Corelli, who by the way was born in Ravenna; then another Concerto Grosso, op.3 n.2 by Georg Friedrich Haendel, a composer who moved from Germany to London after having been in Italy for some years; we will hear Hypochondrie ZWV 187 by Jan Dismas Zelenka, whose Bohemian roots were transplanted in Dresden, Germany. The concert will end with Ouverture Suite BWV 1066 by Johann Sebastian Bach, who from Germany looks to Italy and France.

What are the next steps? 

Apart from the auditions, we are working on a residency in Belgium in October 2023. We are thinking of Antwerp as a venue for residencies, considering the strong connection with EUBO, but we are still working on it, so stay tuned for more news to come soon.

Ten years ago, you would say that you had founded an orchestra instead of buying a Ferrari. To keep the equation, if Theresia is a Ferrari, EUBO is….

A vintage luxury car: it has a glorious past, but has been still for a while, closed in a garage. We want to get the engine back to its perfection and put it back on the road!

 

EUBO’s concert will be held on Monday 28 November, Teatro Alighieri, Ravenna, 9 p.m. More info and tickets available here

How I made friends with my baroque viola

By Anna Krzyżak - November 23, 2022
Switching to the period instrument can be hard, but totally rewarding. Let's find out what happened to our Ambassadress Anna Krzyżak when she switched to the baroque viola.

Read the post in Polish

When 3 years ago I thought about playing the baroque viola, I had something like this in mind: “Oh, that would be really cool! I don’t think it’s so difficult, I will take a few lessons, and it’ll be fine.” Now, I do laugh at myself when I recall these words – I could not have been more wrong.

Early music has been a part of me since I remember. And this is for my mentor, my first viola teacher – I was lucky that he was (and still is) highly interested in it. He used to send me some incredible early music recordings performed in historically informed practice – I am deeply grateful for this.
During my studies in Berlin, I was surrounded by early music specialists. I studied the viola with Simone von Rahden (Jandl) who at that time was a violist of the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. I also took a baroque course with Bernhardt Forck – a principal violinist of the Akademi fur Alte Musik Berlin. This all happened 3 years ago.

I bought my baroque bow spontaneously in a very short time! But it was a good choice as I have been using it ever since. Although, I had to wait a while for my baroque viola. The time I had, allowed me to discover the differences between the baroque and the modern viola bows, which lead to a better understanding of the work of the right arm.
There is a huge difference between these bows! The very first important thing is that the baroque bow is much lighter than the modern one. The second one is the fact that the bow balance is different – at the tip, the baroque bow is like a feather. So I had to learn sound production all over again – at that moment I realized that this whole baroque music playing is not as easy as I thought and actually not easy at all. I had a few months to wait for the baroque viola to be built so I focused on the right arm technique – I explored different articulations and experimented with the sound. After a while I found myself comfortable with the baroque bow – I knew how to use it to get the sound I liked, I was able to use different articulations, and I simply made a progress (but still on the modern viola with metal strings). I was mostly happy about finding a way to control the bow in the upper half.

Finally, the moment has come – I could pick up my new baroque viola! When I came back home the only thing I did was playing (obviously) and it was a huge surprise. I had no idea why I could not produce a nice, deep sound – the only sounds I made were squeals and rustles. When I tried to play a long note it somehow broke in the middle and then the short, little notes sounded like pinches. It was another moment when I realized that this whole early music fun is much more difficult than I thought, but this time it was due to gut strings.

To be honest, it was not like nothing came out of the instrument – I could play something, and it sounded more or less ok, but I was not happy with the sound I heard, because I knew how the baroque instrument could have sounded.
My first impression about playing the baroque viola was that the work of the right arm is completely different due to both – the bow and gut strings. The total basics are to play with the slow speed of the bow and get closer to the bridge. I had to learn it all over again as the sound was not so easily achievable compared to playing the modern viola. By the way, it is obviously much easier to play sul tasto than sul ponticello (and here I also mean that it is more difficult to achieve on modern instruments). The next thing that occurred to me was how important each finger on the bow is – each one of them is responsible for something else. While playing with such a light bow, the differences were very well audible.

What about intonation? Another surprise! The first thing I had to do was to get used to the neck of the viola and distances between fingers – it was neither an easy nor a fast process as I studied the modern viola at that time, so the baroque one was my free time pleasure. I noticed that my sound was still a bit mat on the baroque viola even after some time of practicing – I honestly did not like it and still, I had in mind the sound I remembered from some recordings and performances. And then I finally produced a deep, rich and nice sound a couple of times that was full of partial tones, but I felt I made it by accident – I had to find a way to be able to play like this all the time. It took me a while to achieve it, but I finally succeeded. I realized that another important thing was to put the left-hand fingers on the fingerboard softly and without any unnecessary pressure. Combining this with the proper bow movement was a win. When I accidentally or unconsciously tensed my left hand I squeezed the neck and the string (at the same time) too much – the nice sound was gone because I did not allow it to vibrate.

Was it all new to me? Yes and no. NO, because I of course knew about all these things before, and YES, because the skills I had at that time were not good enough to simply take a baroque viola and play. When I understood how the gut strings worked, my modern viola playing improved. When I took an instrument with metal strings and played the way I would play the baroque viola, I achieved a sound that was very rich, strong and soft at the same time – it was something that I had been looking for for a long time. I could not find it as metal strings reacts with every little movement and impulse so it was kind of easy to produce a nice and soft sound. I call the baroque viola “my saver”!

A few weeks ago, I experimented at the school where I teach. I gave each of my students the baroque viola and let them play. They were really shocked by the sound they produced. The experiment was about that they played the same musical phrases on the modern and baroque instruments, trying not to change the way of playing (so that they played with the same techniques on both violas). Their faces were priceless when they noticed the differences. I helped them to achieve a nice sound on gut strings, and they succeeded, more or less. I saw smiles on their faces when it happened. After this experiment, they have become more interested in sound production, and now I see that each one of them has made bigger or smaller progress, which makes me very happy!

Maybe all string players should play the baroque instrument, even for a year? I do think it would be very useful and productive.


 

Polish version

 


Jak zaprzyjaźniłam się z altówką barokową

Kiedy trzy lata temu po raz pierwszy przeszła mi przez głowę myśl, by spróbować gry na altówce barokowej, brzmiała ona mniej więcej tak: „Ale byłoby super grać na takim instrumencie! To pewnie nie jest takie trudne, pójdę do kogoś na kilka lekcji i będzie super!”. Teraz jak sobie o tym przypominam, to w środku się śmieję – nic bardziej mylnego!

Muzyka dawna od zawsze była częścią mnie. Miałam szczęście, że mój mentor, mój pierwszy nauczyciel altówki był (i nadal jest) jej miłośnikiem. To właśnie on wysyłał i pokazywał mi najwyższej klasy nagrania zgodne z HIP – jestem mu za to ogromnie wdzięczna!

Będąc na studiach w Berlinie, zostałam otoczona specjalistami w zakresie wykonawstwa historycznego. Studiowałam u Simone von Rahden (Jandl), która wtedy była członkiem Orkiestry Wieku Oświecenia, a kurs barokowy odbyłam u Berharda Forcka – pierwszego skrzypka Akademie fur Alte Musik Berlin. To było właśnie trzy lata temu.

Smyczek barokowy kupiłam bardzo spontanicznie bez większego przemyślenia (używam go do dziś, więc zdaje egzamin), natomiast na altówkę musiałam poczekać kilka miesięcy. Ten czas dał mi możliwość, by lepiej zauważyć różnice między smyczkiem barokowym i współczesnym, a w efekcie, by lepiej zrozumieć pracę prawej ręki.

Różnica między tymi smyczkami jest ogromna! Po pierwsze, smyczek barokowy jest znacznie lżejszy, a po drugie jest on zupełnie inaczej wyważony. Musiałam od nowa nauczyć się produkcji dźwięku – dotarło do mnie wtedy, że będzie to znacznie dłuższa nauka niż myślałam! W oczekiwaniu na altówkę barokową próbowałam i poszukiwałam różnych sposobów gry – w efekcie miałam poczucie, że opanowałam ten smyczek na tyle, by móc wykonywać nim artykulacje różnego rodzaju i przede wszystkim panować nad dźwiękiem w górnej połowie smyczka, a to sprawiało mi największe trudności na początku.

W końcu nadszedł długo wyczekiwany moment – pojechałam odebrać swoją altówkę barokową. Po przyjeździe z nią do domu od razu zaczęłam grać – wtedy zaczęły się prawdziwe schody. Nie miałam pojęcia dlaczego nie potrafię wydobyć ładnego dźwięku, w większości były to piski i szelesty. Trzymając długą nutę, dźwięk w pewnym momencie przerywał się, natomiast drobne wartości brzmiały jak uszczypnięcia. Wtedy dotarło do mnie, że opanowanie strun jelitowych to dopiero będzie wyzwanie.

Oczywiście, to nie było tak, że nic nie brzmiało – brzmiało, ale sama czułam, że nie potrafię wydobyć pięknego dźwięku z tego instrumentu, a ten, który wydobywałam wtedy po prostu mi się nie podobał.

Pierwsze moje odkrycie było takie, że instrumenty ze strunami jelitowymi wymagają zupełnie innej pracy prawej ręki. Wolne pociągnięcie smyczka i gra bliżej podstawka to naprawdę podstawy. Musiałam się tego oczywiście nauczyć, ponieważ gra przy podstawku jest znacznie trudniejsza niż ta bliżej gryfu (mam także na myśli, że jest to znacznie trudniejsze od tych samych technik wykonywanych na instrumentach ze strunami metalowymi). Następnie zrozumiałam jak ważne są poszczególne palce na smyczku – każdy odpowiada za coś innego. Trzymając tak lekki smyczek różnice w brzmieniu były bardzo dobrze słyszalne.

A co z intonacją? No właśnie – tutaj kolejne zdziwienie. Oczywiście, musiałam się najpierw nauczyć nowej menzury – nie był to proces ani szybki, ani łatwy, ponieważ studiowałam altówkę współczesną, więc na barokowej grałam tylko w wolnych chwilach. Zauważyłam jednak, że mój dźwięk był dość matowy, nie podobał mi się, a wiedziałam jak pięknie może brzmieć instrument barokowy. Kilkakrotnie zdarzyło mi się wydobyć bardzo klarowny dźwięk pełen alikwotów. Początkowo nie potrafiłam znaleźć drogi do tego, by każdy dźwięk był tak piękny, jednak po czasie udało mi się. Zrozumiałam, że ogromne znaczenie ma to w jaki sposób położę palec lewej ręki na strunie. Tylko bardzo swobodne i luźne oparcie ręki na gryfie w połączeniu z dobrze poprowadzonym smyczkiem dawało zadowalający rezultat. W momencie, gdy choćby delikatnie moja lewa ręka się spięła, zaczynała ona zaciskać gryf, a jednocześnie strunę – to nie pozwalało strunie swobodnie drgać.

Czy to wszystko było dla mnie nowe? I tak, i nie. NIE w takim kontekście, że o tych wszystkich rzeczach niby wcześniej wiedziałam, a TAK, ponieważ umiejętności, które miałam do tamtej pory nie wystarczyły mi, by zacząć grać na instrumencie barokowym od razu. Gdy zrozumiałam jak działają struny jelitowe, poczułam, że moja gra na altówce współczesnej bardzo się polepszyła. Biorąc instrument ze strunami metalowymi i grając w sposób, którego nauczyłam się przy altówce barokowej uzyskałam niesamowicie bogate brzmienie – takie, którego szukałam od dłuższego czasu. Wcześniej nie potrafiłam go znaleźć, ponieważ struny metalowe reagują na najmniejszy bodziec, więc było to dość łatwe, by uzyskać zadowalający, miękki dźwięk. W żartach nazywam altówkę barokową “moim wybawcą”!

Jakiś czas temu zrobiłam mały eksperyment na swoich uczniach. Przyniosłam na zajęcia altówkę barokową i dałam każdemu z nich, by spróbowali coś zagrać. Byli bardzo zdziwieni tym, co usłyszeli. Eksperyment polegał na tym, że zmieniali instrumenty, starając się wydobyć dźwięk w jak najbardziej zbliżony sposób, ale na innych altówkach. Widziałam ich zaskoczenie, gdy słyszeli jak ogromna jest różnica w brzmieniu. Pokierowałam nimi trochę, by znaleźli piękny dźwięk na strunach jelitowych, a gdy im się to choć raz udało, widziałam uśmiech na ich twarzach. Dzięki temu doświadczeniu widzę, że jakość wydobywanego przez nich dźwięku ogromnie się polepszyła. Może każdy muzyk, grający na instrumencie współczesnym powinien przez pewien czas grać na instrumencie ze strunami jelitowymi? Myślę, że przyniosłoby to tylko pozytywne rezultaty.

Welcome, Theresians!

By Emilia Campagna - July 25, 2022
Nine new members and seven eligible musicians were selected in Theresia's annual auditions: let's find out something about their motivations and expectations

Theresia’s annual auditions at a glance

It was in mid-July that we held Theresia’s annual auditions: for the second time they were in Schloss Frohnburg in Salzburg, thanks to a partnership with the Mozarteum. And, as it always is when it comes to Theresia, it was an intense and rich experience.

One day for string players, one for woodwinds: our Concertmaster, violinist Gemma Longoni, and oboist Alfredo Bernardini, one of Theresia’s principal conductors, coordinated the full two days of rehearsals, as Theresia’s auditions are not merely hearings where you play your piece of music in front of a commission, but it goes way beyond that.

Of 28 invited candidates, we chose nine of them: they were awarded the Learning Grants that will let them participate in Theresia’s learning activities for the period August 2022 – November 2023. Plus, we included in a ranking seven eligible musicians who may be called for single projects and can participate in selected capacity building activities as well.

In the ranks of strings, new members are: Violinists Melanie Gruwez (Belgium), Natascha Pichler (Austria) Guillermo Santonja di Fonzo and Julia Hernández Sánchez (both Spanish); violist Hannah Gardner (UK) and German cellist Ena Market. As for woodwinds, we welcome Spanish oboist María Jesús Moreno Ciudad, Dutch horn player Hugo Pieters and Taiwanese flutist Ching-Yao Wang.

Eligible musicians are: Italian clarinetists Elia Bianucci and Carolina Guiducci, flutist Tommaso Simonetta Sandri (also from Italy), bassoonists William Gough (UK) and Francisco Javier Sánchez Castillo (Spain), Costarican hornist Andres Alberto Sanchez Trejos, and Hungarian violinist Zsófia Noémi Bréda.

Getting to know the candidates

We are looking forward to starting working with new members of the orchestra, who will be involved in August projects. Nevertheless, we had the chance to know them, their experiences and their expectations, during a series of interviews conducted by Elena Gaboardi (Board Member at Fondazione ICONS, the organisation supporting the Theresia project) and Charlotte Michi (Director at Fondazione ICONS).

As Charlotte Michi explains to us “our main purpose when interviewing the candidates is to know their motivations, and their attitude to commit to a project like Theresia.” In particular, interviewers asked about candidates’ interest in the HIP (Historically informed performance): “Most answers pointed out that this kind of performance gives you a complete and richer view of the music you are playing; generally speaking, string players tend to go on playing both period and modern instrument, while woodwinds players usually stick to the period one, for technical reasons mostly. Almost everybody has a strong attitude to exploring and deepening the historical and artistic aspects connected with the music they study. In this way, they also become better at communicating to the audience interesting facts related to the repertoire. By the way, improving communication techniques is something many candidates are interested in, and we are happy we will be able to help them effectively with our training modules.